技术理性批判是马尔库塞思想的重要组成部分,要理解马尔库塞的技术理性批判理论,关键在于领悟以资本主义为前提的人的单向度化起始,经由回溯单向度化的形成由来,将科技理性与权力进行构建。这样就使得二者实现了有机的结合,同时在人类社会,实践统治的理论及其演变的逻辑理路。站在历史唯物主义的立场重新审视马尔库塞技术理性批判的逻辑,遵循这一逻辑发展理路会发现,其最终旨趣就是在革命中实现人类解放。可见,马尔库塞的技术理性批判理论虽然存在一定缺陷,但理论内涵是丰富的,其现实意义也依然是深刻的。The critical theory of technological reason is an important part of Marcuse’s thought. The key to understand Marcuse’s critical theory of technological reason is to understand the beginning of man’s unidirectional theory based on capitalism, and to construct technological reason and power by tracing back the origin of unidirectional theory. This makes the two realize the organic combination, at the same time in human society, practice the theory of rule and its evolution of logic. From the standpoint of historical materialism, we can re-examine the logic of Marcuse’s criticism of technical reason and find that its ultimate aim is to realize human liberation in the revolution. It can be seen that although Marcuse’s critical theory of technical rationality has some defects, its theoretical connotation is rich and its practical significance is still profound.
发达工业社会中的科学技术异化为统治者管理和奴役人的工具,针对这一问题,马尔库塞揭示技术异化背后的动因,提出要对技术理性进行批判的思想。这一思想深刻揭示了技术理性统治地位下政治、经济和文化领域的一体化现象,主要表现在:经济领域内人的自由受限;对立派别在政治层面一体化;文化领域内高层文化逐渐失去活力而沉沦。由此可见,在技术理性的统治之下,单向度的牢笼建立起来。马尔库塞关于技术理性的批判性思维的分析启示我们,在人工智能飞速发展的时代,要辩证看待技术的作用、遵循人本主义原则、重塑否定性思维,推动人本主义精神融入人工智能技术发展,防范单向度社会与单向度人的产生,实现人的自由全面发展。The alienation of science and technology in the developed industrial society has become a tool for the ruler to manage and enslave people, so Marcuse put forward the critical idea of technological rationality on the alienation of science and technology in the developed industrial society. This thought profoundly reveals the phenomenon of integration in the political, economic and cultural fields under the dominance of technological rationality, which is mainly manifested in: the free control of people in the economic field;the integration of opposing factions in the political sphere;The decline of high-level culture in the field of culture. It can be seen that under the domination of technical reason, the cage of one-dimensionality is established. Marcuse's analysis of critical thinking on technological rationality enlightens us that in the era of rapid development of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to look at the role of technology dialectically, follow the principles of humanism, reshape negative thinking, promote the integration of humanistic spirit into the development of artificial intelligence technology, prevent the emergence of one-dimensional society and one-dimensional
