Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an interesting area for research.These include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or cytokines.Teplizumab is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target antigen.Preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of T1DM.The benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after therapy.It has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of age.In their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,Ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety profile.However,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income countries.High cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.
Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A major unmet need in the field of central nervous system diseases is disease-modifying treatments.While for decades there have been various symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of the disease,disease-modification,i.e.treatments that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.
The self-cascade(SC) method is an effective technique for chaos enhancement and complexity increasing in chaos maps.Additionally, the controllable self-cascade(CSC) method allows for more accurate control of Lyapunov exponents of the discrete map. In this work, the SC and CSC systems of the original map are derived, which enhance the chaotic performance while preserving the fundamental dynamical characteristics of the original map. Higher Lyapunov exponent of chaotic sequences corresponding to higher frequency are obtained in SC and CSC systems. Meanwhile, the Lyapunov exponent could be linearly controlled with greater flexibility in the CSC system. The verification of the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis is carried out based on the platform of CH32.
YI ChenLongLI ChunBiaoLI YongXinXIA MingHUA ZhongYun
Photoresponsiveness of materials is critical to their tunability and efficiency in terminal applications.Photoresponsive metal-organic polyhedra(PMOPs)feature intrinsic pores and remote controllability,but aggregation of PMOPs in solid state hampers their photoresponsiveness seriously.Herein,we report the construction of a new PMOP(Cu_(24)(C_(16)H_(12)N_(2)O_(4))_(12)(C_(18)H_(22)O_(5))12,denoted as MOP-PR-LA),where long alkyl(LA)chains act as the intermolecular poles,propping against adjacent PMOP molecules to create individual microenvironment benefiting the isomerization of photoresponsive(PR)moieties.Upon ultraviolet(UV)-and visible-light irradiation,MOP-PR-LA is much easier to isomerize than the counterpart MOP-PR without LA.For propylene adsorption,MOP-PR has a low change of adsorption capacity(9.9%),while that of MOP-PR-LA reaches 58.6%.Density functional theory calculations revealed that PR in the cis state has a negative effect on adsorption,while the trans state of PR favors adsorption.This work might open an avenue for the construction of photoresponsive materials with high responsiveness and controllability.
Long ZhengPeng TanQian SongSheng-Tao WangMin LiXiao-Qin LiuLin-Bing Sun
