The house fly,Musca domestica,is a cosmopolitan species known for its pestif-erous nature and potential to mechanically vector numerous human and animal pathogens.Control of adult house flies often relies on insecticides formulated into food baits.How-ever,due to the overuse of these baits,insecticide resistance has developed to all insecti-cide classes currently registered for use in the United States.Field populations of house flies have developed resistance to imidacloprid,the most widely used neonicotinoid in-secticide for fly control,through both physiological and behavioral resistance mecha-nisms.In the current study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the inheritance and dominance of behavioral resistance to imidacloprid in a lab-selected behaviorally re-sistant house fly strain.Additionally,we conducted feeding preference assays to assess the feeding responses of genetic cross progeny to imidacloprid.Our results confirmed that behavioral resistance to imidacloprid is inherited as a polygenic trait,though it is inherited differently between male and female flies.We also demonstrated that feeding preference assays can be instrumental in future genetic inheritance studies as they provide direct insight into the behavior of different strains under controlled conditions that reveal,interactions between the organism and the insecticide.The findings of this study carry significant implications for pest management and underscore the need for integrated pest control approaches that consider genetic and ecological factors contributing to resistance.
【目的】构建家蝇Musca domestica酵母双杂交cDNA文库,筛选MD14-3-3互作蛋白。【方法】以家蝇为研究对象,经mRNA纯化、cDNA初级文库构建、重组pGADT7-DEST构建次级文库,构建酵母双杂交筛选系统,构建pGBKT7-MD14-3-3质粒作为诱饵筛选与MD14-3-3相互作用的蛋白,并进行回转验证。【结果】成功构建文库容量为1.6×10^(7) CFU,重组率为100%的家蝇酵母双杂交cDNA文库。酵母双杂交筛选获得2个靶蛋白,回转试验表明mucin-like protein HKR1与抗菌肽ctenidin-1为MD14-3-3的互作蛋白。【结论】从成功构建的家蝇酵母双杂交cDNA文库中筛选出MD14-3-3蛋白的2个互作蛋白,为进一步探究家蝇免疫应答机制奠定了基础。
Four new species of Helina Robineau-Desvoidy from Yunnan, China are reported: H.paratacticispina sp. nov., H. yilaensis sp. nov., H. similisipedana sp. nov., and H. yutengi sp. nov.
Stable flies(Stomoxys spp.)are common pests of livestock in the peri-urban rangelands of Vina Division of the Adamawa Plateau.No documented information is available on their diurnal dynamics in relation to physiological age and landscape.The main aim of this study was to determine the trap apparent density(ADT)of Stomoxys and associate it to their diurnal activity rhythm and landscape.Vavoua traps(n=12)were used for Stomoxys collection.Trapping was carried out for seven days i.e.three days consecutively in August and four days consecutively in October,2016.Three traps were pitched in each of the three biotopes(river,cattle corral and gallery forest)of the four study sites(Galim,Mbidjoro,Velambai and Soukourwo).All female Stomoxys captured underwent ovarian dissection for the determination of their physiological ages(parous or nulliparous).A total of 218 Stomoxys were caught and identified into four species(S.niger niger,S.omega,S.calcitrans,and S.xanthomelas)with an overall ADT of 2.59 flies per trap per day and Stomoxys niger niger(1.13 s.n.n.per trap per day)recorded the highest ADT.Species richness was study site dependent.Higher catches of females 113(51.83%)were made than that of their male 105(48.17%)counterparts.Galim recorded the highest Stomoxys apparent density(4.90)as compared to other sites with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The proportion of parous 87(59.30%)was higher than that of their nulliparous 46(40.71%)counterparts.Parity differed with landscape and capture periods.S.n.niger was the most frequent in all biotopes and Galim recorded the highest ADT.The population of female flies was made up of adults(parous)with a bimodal diurnal activity rhythm whereas males had a unimodal activity rhythm.
Samples are often frozen for preservation until needed for use. It has been a common practice to store fresh dairy manure in the freezer until needed for fly development studies. However, conflicting data have suggested that freezer temperature and duration of manure may impact fly development studies, and it is likely due to the change in microbial comminutes due to the freezer conditions. In this study manure storage conditions were assessed to ascertain how temperatures impact stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., survival to pupation and determine which bacterial populations impacted fly development using massively-parallel sequencing and 16S metagenomic analysis. Stable fly survival to pupation was greater in manure that was stored warm (27?C) or frozen (-20?C or -80?C) for 24 days as compared to fresh manure samples. Refrigeration (4?C) of the manure for 24 days did not affect fly development and slightly decreased the pupal weights. Over 80 bacterial families were detected by sequencing allowing for a more thorough assessment of changes in bacterial populations. Only minor shifts were observed in bacterial family composition in the manure when refrigerated or frozen for 24 days, but significant population changes were observed when the manure was incubated for 24 days at 27?C. Since it is the temperature and incubation time that yielded the greatest pupation rate, it is hypothesized that the manure microbial community impacts the growth and development of stable flies. This study has determined suggested freezer conditions for the best storage of manure samples to maintain bacterial diversity and retain the closest bacterial populations to freshly collected manure. Although untouched, aged (20 days) manure is best to use to assess fly development, it is not always feasible in laboratory experimentations. This study demonstrates the importance of preservation techniques on manure samples, which could also confer to storage of other biological specimens that contain resident microbes.
Janice L. SpeshockJeff A. BradyJessica EastmanTravis RoachSamantha HaysDavid Kattes
