The use of translational medicine in Chinese hospitals ap- pears to have become easier over the last decade. Products developed in the laboratory can sometimes be applied in the clinic under life-saving circumstances. Arteannuin is one of the most successful examples of translation during the past decade in China, having been used to treat more than one million patients with malaria. However, several approaches developed in the laboratory, with proven benefits to patients,
Military medicine is important in both war and peace. In China, military medicine plays a key role in supporting and maintaining health, in preventing injuries and diseases in military staff and in enhancing the military armed forces during war. Additionally, military medicine participates in actions such as emergency public health crises, natural disasters, emerging conflicts and anti-terrorist campaigns during peacetime. In this paper, we summary the current condition and achievements in military medicine in China and provide our perspective for its future.
Clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the significance of inflammation in coordinating wound repair and regeneration.However,it remains challenging to control the inflammatory response and tolerance at systemic levels without causing toxicity to injured tissues.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) possess potent immunomodulatory properties and facilitate tissue repair by releasing exosomes,which generate a suitable microenvironment for inflammatory resolution.Exosomes contain several effective bioactive molecules and act as a cell-cell communication vehicle to influence cellular activities in recipient cells.During this process,the horizontal transfer of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs) to acceptor cells,where they regulate target gene expression,is of particular interest for understanding the basic biology of inflammation ablation,tissue homeostasis,and development of therapeutic approaches.In this review,we describe a signature of three specific miRNAs(miR-21,miR-146 a,and miR-181) present in human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-EXO) identified microarray chip analysis and focus on the inflammatory regulatory functions of these immune-related miRNAs.We also discuss the potential mechanisms contributing to the resolution of wound inflammation and tissue healing.
Regenerative medicine has rapidly developed over the past decade and created new opportunities to repair or replace tissue or organ function lost because of congenital defects, age, diseases, or serious damage （Cheng et al., 2016a; Cheng et al., 2016b）. Regenerative medicine strategies in- clude the transplantation of bioactive factors, stem cells, or biomaterials, even the induced regeneration in a de novo, depending on the application （Fu, 2014a; Huang and Fu, 2014）. However, there are several limitations to the use of regenerative medicine in the clinic with respect to using stem cells and biomaterials.
Adult stem cells(SCs) exist in all tissues that promote tissue growth, regeneration, and healing throughout life. The SC niche in which they reside provides signals that direct them to proliferate, differentiate, or remain dormant; these factors include neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, soluble molecules, and physical stimuli. In disease and aging states, stable or transitory changes in the microenvironment can directly cause SC activation or inhibition in tissue healing as well as functional regulation. Here, we discuss the microenvironmental regulation of the behavior of SC and focus on plasticity approaches by which various environmental factors can enhance the function of SCs and more effectively direct the fate of SCs.
Serious trauma and accidental injury are the leading causes of death among people younger than 45 years old in China. Thus, the prevention and control of serious trauma and accidental injury are important for reducing these deaths. The concept is timely but difficult. Here, we review the current state of serious trauma and accidents in China and other countries, focusing on road accidents, and provide our personal perspectives and suggestions on how to prevent and control these serious injuries in China.
Regenerative medicine(RM)is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research.Its clinical application focuses on the repair,replacement,and regeneration of cells,tissues,and organs by approaches including cell reprogramming,stem cell transplantation,tissue engineering,activating factors,and clone treatment.RM has become a hot point of research in China and other countries.China's main and local governments have attached great importance to RM and given strong support in relevant policies and funding.About 3.5 billion RMB has been invested in this field.Since 1999,China has established about 30 RM centers and cooperates with many advanced countries in RM research and benefits from their cooperation.However,China needs to develop standards,regulations,and management practices suitable for the healthy development of RM.In this review,we focus on its great demand,capacity,and relative regulations.
