目的探讨膳食鱼类摄入与心血管危险因素的关系。方法以志愿者形式招募广州市40~65岁居民,采用膳食频数问卷法(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)调查对象的膳食摄入情况,测量身高、体质量、腰围、臀围(计算体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR),血压,空腹血脂,凝血功能(包括凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)及其国际标准化比率(prothrombin time internatioanal normalizedratio,PTINR)),心电图检查QT间期(QTc)及B超检测颈动脉血管壁内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),分析海鱼、淡水鱼摄入量与心血管疾病危险因素之间的关系。结果共招募对象459名,(男174人、女性285)。随着海鱼摄入频率增加,对象血浆总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)有升高的趋势(P<0.05),PT、PTINR有减少的趋势(P<0.05),在校正了混杂因素后,差异仍具有统计学意义。未观察到海鱼摄入频率与BMI、腰臀比、QTc等指标之间的相关性。随着淡水鱼摄入频率的增加,QTc有降低的趋势(P<0.05),在校正了混杂因素后,仍具有统计学差异,每周吃8.3次比每周吃1.0次淡水鱼的人,QTc降低了4.4%。未观察到淡水鱼的摄入频率与血脂、凝血酶原时间及IMT之间存在关联。结论提示对于广州市中老年人来说,海水鱼摄入频率与TC、LDL-C正相关,淡水鱼摄入频率与QTc负相关。
Objective To investigate the relationships between erythrocyte membrane n-6：n-3 PUFAs ratio and blood lipids and high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）. Methods The Chinese and a observational study consisted of a population-based cross-sectiona subsequent 1-year follow-up study of 171 subjects with the fasting cholesterol of 5.13-8.00 mmol/L. study of 456 plasma total Results In the cross-sectional analysis, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-c） had a significant and negative association with the erythrocyte membrane n-6：n-3 PUFAs ratio （P for trend=0.019） after adjusting for sex, age and total PUFA percentage. In the follow-up study, 171 subjects were categorized into quartiles by the changes of n-6：n-3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane （△=month 12-month 0）. In the top quartile whose ratios of n-6：n-3 increased by an average of 1.25 during the follow-up, the LDL-c-lowering extent was 3.3 times of that in the lowest quartile whose ratios of n-6：n-3 decreased by an average of 1.13 （-1.07 mmol/L v.s. -0.32 mmol/L）. The hsCRP decreased by 0.11 mg/dL in the lowest quartile while increasing by 0.10 mg/dL in the top quartile （P for difference=0.052）. Conclusion Our results suggested that the balance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may optimize the cardiovascular benefits from dietary PUFAs.
