为研究湿热水解预处理方法对餐厨废弃物液相厌氧发酵效果的影响,选取不同温度(80、120、150和200℃)、处理时间(40、50、60和70 min)和加水比例(40%、60%、80%和100%)条件下对餐厨废弃物进行预处理,并在中温(37±1)℃条件下对液相进行厌氧发酵潜力实验。结果表明:湿热水解预处理可有效提高餐厨废弃物液相的生物可利用性,进而提高厌氧发酵的产气效率,其中加水比例40%,150℃处理60 min条件下可浮油脱出量最高为67.7 m L/kg,与原样相比提高了2.65倍;氢气含量最高为62%,最高产氢速率为15.57 m L/h,累积产氢最高达194.28 m L/g VS,与原样相比分别提高了3.6、5.4和20倍,说明湿热水解预处理可有效提高餐厨废弃物液相的产氢潜力。
To explore the spatial heterogeneity of plankton communities in a deep artificial lake(Songhua Lake,China),samples were collected at seven sites. Samples were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16 S and 18 S r RNA genes and specif ic bands were sequenced. Cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles revealed that all of the samples grouped into two distinct clusters,in accordance with sampling site; while in each cluster,the divergence of sub-clusters correlated with sampling depth. Sequence analysis of selected dominant DGGE bands revealed that most sequenced phylotypes(84%) exhibited ≥97% similarity to the closest sequences in Gen Bank,and were affiliated with ten common freshwater plankton phyla(Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,Bacillariophyta,Pyrrophyta,Cryptophyta,Ciliophora,Stramenopiles,and R otifera). Several of these groups are also found worldwide,indicating the cosmopolitan distribution of the phylotypes. The relationships between DGGE patterns and environmental factors were analyzed by redundancy analysis(RDA). The results suggested that,total nitrogen,nitrate,nitrite,ammonia,and CODM n concentrations,and water temperature were strongly correlated with the variation in plankton composition.
