【目的】比较不同采伐强度下闽北杉阔混交人工林土壤及其各组分的呼吸速率差异,揭示土壤总呼吸速率季节变化的主要影响因子,以期为区域森林采伐对土壤呼吸速率的影响研究提供科学依据。【方法】以闽北杉阔混交人工林为研究对象,2011年8月实施了不同蓄积量采伐强度(中度择伐34.6%、强度择伐48.6%、极强度择伐67.6%、皆伐)作业试验,并与未采伐对照;2016年7月—2017年7月运用Li-8100 A土壤碳通量自动测量系统,对土壤及其各组分的呼吸速率、土壤5 cm深处的温度和湿度开展了为期1年的定位观测。【结果】未采伐和各种强度择伐5年后,土壤总呼吸速率最大值都出现在7月份,最小值出现在1—3月份;皆伐5年后,土壤总呼吸速率最大值出现在6月份,最小值出现在11月份;各种强度采伐林地的矿质土壤呼吸速率与未采伐林地无显著差异( P >0.05);各种强度择伐林地的凋落物和根系呼吸速率都与未采伐林地无显著差异( P >0.05),而皆伐林地的凋落物和根系呼吸速率都显著低于未采伐林地( P <0.05),分别比未采伐林地(1.45和1.11 μmol ·m^-2 s^-1 )减少了0.93和0.53 μmol ·m^-2 s^-1;各种强度择伐林地的土壤总呼吸速率与未采伐林地无显著差异( P >0.05),而皆伐林地的土壤总呼吸速率显著低于未采伐林地( P <0.05),比未采伐林地(4.39 μmol ·m^-2 s^-1 )减少了1.64 μmol ·m^-2 s^-1;中度、强度和极强度择伐林地5 cm深处的土壤温度与未采伐林地没有显著差异( P >0.05),而皆伐使林地土壤温度显著升高( P <0.05),比未采伐林地(18.52 ℃)增加了4.7 ℃;中度、强度择伐林地的5 cm深处土壤湿度与未采伐没有显著差异( P >0.05),而极强度择伐和皆伐使林地土壤湿度显著降低( P <0.05),分别比未采伐林地(30.67%)减少了2.17%和3.98%;土壤总呼吸速率的土壤温度指数模型拟合效果最优,能解释未采伐和各种强度择伐林地土壤总�
Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities in different layers with different cutting intensities 10 years later were investigated by calculating Marglef Richness index(R),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),Simpson diversity index(P),and Pielou Evenness index(J).Results show that the values of R,H and P among different layers are listed in a decreasing order:the shrub layer > the arbor layer > the herb layer,all the three indices values reach the maximum under medium selective cutting intensity after 10 years.The J value of the shrub layer shows a concave parabolic change with the increase in cutting intensity;it shows a linear increase for the arbor layer,whereas the J value of the herb layer shows an opposite change pattern.The values of R at different cutting intensities had high significant difference,but other indices had not significant difference.The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years is non-cutting> low selective cutting intensity > medium selective cutting intensity > high selective cutting intensity > extra-high intensity > clear cutting.The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years shows that the greater cutting intensities,the worse the stability is.
WU Zhi-long ZHOU Xin-nian ZHENG Li-feng HU Xi-sheng ZHOU Cheng-jun
