Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes(PNS) is a series of rare neurologic disorders which happen with an underlying malignancy. It has various clinical symptoms proceding to the diagnosis of tumors. Although the abnormality of anti-neuronal antibodies is suggestive of PNS and tumors, there exist many false positive and false negative cases. The diagnosis of PNS is usually a challenge in clinic. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) imaging is an anatomical and functional fusion imaging method, which provides the whole-body information by single scan. Fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT imaging can not only detect potential malignant lesions in the whole body, but also assess functional abnormality in the brain. In this review, the mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnostic procedure and the recent progress of the utility of FDG PET/CT in PNS are introduced respectively.
热休克蛋白70羧基末端相互作用蛋白（carboxyl-terminus of the Hsp70 interacting protein，CHIP）是Ballinger等发现的同时具有辅助伴侣分子和E3泛素连接酶活性的特殊蛋白分子。作为辅助伴侣分子，它与Hsp90和Hsc／Hsp70相互作用，调节Hsp介导的蛋白质的异常折叠；而作为E3泛素连接酶，通过泛素化-蛋白酶体途径参与许多疾病相关蛋白的降解过程。
自噬相关基因3（autophagy related gene 3,ATG3）及其对应的蛋白是一种泛素样缀合酶。研究发现,细胞自噬体的形成,离不开2个必需系统的参与：1个是对于ATG12与ATG5两种自噬蛋白结合形成微管相关蛋白-轻链3（microtubule-associated protein light chain 3,LC3）前体的调节系统,此阶段需要El样酶ATG7和E2样酶ATG10共同参与活化,1个是对于自噬体LC3蛋白的脂化系统[1],它们都属于泛素样蛋白结合系统，而ATG3作为泛素样缀合酶，在LC3蛋白的脂化系统中起到重要作用。
