In the structural design of tall buildings,peak factors have been widely used to predict mean extreme responses of tall buildings under wind excitations.Vanmarcke's peak factor is directly related to an explicit measure of structural reliability against a Gaussian response process.We review the use of this factor for time-variant reliability design by comparing it to the conventional Davenport's peak factor.Based on the asymptotic theory of statistical extremes,a new closed-form peak factor,the so-called Gamma peak factor,can be obtained for a non-Gaussian resultant response characterized by a Rayleigh distribution process.Using the Gamma peak factor,a combined peak factor method was developed for predicting the expected maximum resultant responses of a building undergoing lateral-torsional vibration.The effects of the standard deviation ratio of two sway components and the inter-component correlation on the evaluation of peak resultant response were also investigated.Utilizing wind tunnel data derived from synchronous multi-pressure measurements,we carried out a wind-induced time history response analysis of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council(CAARC) standard tall building to validate the applicability of the Gamma peak factor to the prediction of the peak resultant acceleration.Results from the building example indicated that the use of the Gamma peak factor enables accurate predictions to be made of the mean extreme resultant acceleration responses for dynamic serviceability performance design of modern tall buildings.
