A solvothermal method has been successfully used to prepare nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) hollow spheres with average diameters of about 500 nm and shell thicknesses of about 100 nm in a glycerin/water mixed solvent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that the shells of the HA hollow spheres are actually composed of nanosheets with thicknesses of about 10 nm. By tuning the glycerin/water volume ratio, two other kinds of HA solid spheres with average diameters of about 6 or 20 pm were assembled from nanoflakes. The properties of the different kinds of spheres as drug delivery carriers were evaluated. Ibuprofen (IBU) was chosen as the model drug to load into the HA samples. The nanostructured HA samples showed a slow and sustained release of IBU. The HA hollow spheres exhibited a higher drug loading capacity and more favorable release properties than the HA solid spheres and thus are very promising for controlled drug release applications.
通过简单的热分解前驱化合物的方法制备了多孔氧化镍纳米颗粒,产物由具有多孔的纳米颗粒组成.通过循环伏安和恒流充放电技术表征了多孔氧化镍纳米颗粒电极的电化学性能.结果显示多孔氧化镍纳米颗粒展现出优异的电化学性能:高的比容量、循环性能以及倍率性能.500mA/g电流密度下循环120圈,其比容量能保持在835 mA h/g.多孔结构的引入增加了电极和电解液之间的接触面积,同时提供空间来缓解循环过程中引起的体积膨胀效应,从而提高了电化学性能.
采用简单的水热法制备了锰氧化物薄膜前驱体,并结合后期热还原处理制备了基于镍基底的氧化锰薄膜材料,将其作为锂离子电池负极材料,研究其电化学性能。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征了样品的成分、形貌和结构。通过充放电测试和循环伏安等方法对材料的电化学性能做了测试。由于纳米结构的活性物质直接生长在导电性基底上,该氧化锰薄膜材料具有较高的放电比容量(0.2C放电比容量为684 m A·h/g),优越的倍率性能(5C和20C下放电比容量分别为450 m A·h/g和174 m A·h/g)和良好的循环性能,在0.5C下经过60次循环,其放电比容量仍保持在470 m A·h/g。实验结果表明,该方法合成的氧化锰纳米结构薄膜是一种很有前景的锂离子电池负极材料。
自制直径为90nm、长为500nm的β-FeOOH纳米棒为前驱物,通过碳热还原法和热分解法分别制备出形貌均匀、粒径为300nm的LiFePO4/C正极材料和粒径为100nm的Fe2O3负极材料,并研究它们对金属锂组成半电池和构造LiFePO4/C vs.Fe2O3全电池的电化学性能。结果表明:LiFePO4/C半电池在0.1C、0.5C、1.0C、5.0C、10.0C和15.0C(1C=170 mA g–1)倍率下放电比容量分别为158.8、153.2、144.3、126.8、111.0 mA h g–1和92.9mA h g–1。经过不同倍率循环后,返回0.1 C放电比容量为157.5mA h g–1,为初始0.1 C放电比容量的99.2%。Fe2O3半电池在50mA g–1电流密度下首次放电比容量为1655.5mA h g–1,循环50次后,仍保持460mA h g–1的放电比容量。LiFePO4/C vs.Fe2O3全电池在0.1 C倍率下,相对于LiFePO4活性物质,首次放电比容量为148.7mA h g–1;相对于Fe2O3活性物质,首次放电比容量为441.7mA h g–1。由LiFePO4/C纳米粒子作为正极材料、Fe2O3纳米粒子作为负极材料组成的全电池在0.1 C到2.0 C不同倍率下均表现出了良好的循环性能,且返回0.1 C后其放电比容量相对于初始0.1 C放电比容量无衰减。可见,以β-FeOOH纳米棒为前驱物控制制备的LiFePO4/C正极纳米材料和Fe2O3负极纳米材料可以有效地提升电池的性能。