随着数字成像技术的发展,三维成像已被应用在许多领域中,如自动驾驶汽车、机器人和生物医学成像。基于飞行时间(Time of Flight),TOF的三维成像相机在记录强度和深度信息的同时,在成像速率、功耗、体积等方面有突出的优势,这也使得TOF相机在诸如计算机图形、机器视觉、机器人控制中的应用越来越多。介绍了TOF相机的发展情况,详细分析了TOF相机的成像原理、误差来源,总结了当前基于。TOF相机的研究及应用情况。
We characterized the dependence of the timing jitter of an InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode on the excess bias voltage（V（ex）） when operated in 1-GHz sinusoidally gated mode.The single-photon avalanche diode was cooled to-30 degrees Celsius.When the V（ex） is too low（0.2 V-0.8 V） or too high（3 V-4.2 V）,the timing jitter is increased with the V（ex）,particularly at high V（ex）.While at middle V（ex）（1 V-2.8 V）,the timing jitter is reduced.Measurements of the timing jitter of the same avalanche diode with pulsed gating show that this effect is likely related to the increase of both the amplitude of the V（ex） and the width of the gate-on time.For the 1-GHz sinusoidally gated detector,the best jitter of 93 ps is achieved with a photon detection efficiency of 21.4%and a dark count rate of -2.08×10 -5 per gate at the V（ex） of 2.8 V.To evaluate the whole performance of the detector,we calculated the noise equivalent power（NEP） and the afterpulse probability（P（ap））.It is found that both NEP and P（ap） increase quickly when the V（ex） is above 2.8 V.At -2.8-V V（ex）,the NEP and P（ap） are -2.06×10-（16）W/Hz-（1/2） and 7.11%,respectively.Therefore,the detector should be operated with V（ex） of 2.8 V to exploit the fast time response,low NEP and low P（ap）.
