Spinel lherzolite xenoliths were found in phonolitic alkaline basalt in the Keluo area, Heilongjiang Province. Detailed electron-microprobe study revealed abundant phosphates and associated metasomatic minerals between primary phases in xenolith. The phosphates are considered special residual phases (coagulation) of P- and F-rich mantle melt/fluid, most of which were identified as glass phases based on Raman spectroscopic analyses. Such melt/fluid also further metasomatized primary minerals, thus leading to formation of reaction rims successively composed of Cr-spinel symplectitic zone and olivine + diopside zone. Therefore, the P- and F-rich melt/fluid played an important role in the upper-mantle metasomatism in the Keluo area. It is suggested that this kind of metasomstism may occur in some other places of eastern China. The present results may also have significance in study-ing types of metasomatic melt/fluid and its evolution in the lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China.
Fogang granitic batholith, the largest Late Mesozoic batholith in the Nanling region, has an exposure area of ca. 6000 km2. Wushi diorite-homblende gabbro body is situated at the northeast part of the batholith. Both the granitic batholith main body and the diorite-homblende gabbro body belong to high-K calc alkaline series. Compared with the granitic main body, the Wushi body has lower Si (49%–55%), higher Fe, Mg, Ca, lower REE, less depletion of Eu, Ba, P, Ti, and obvious depletion of Zr, Hf. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating and the mineral-whole rock isochron dating reveal that Fogang granitic main body and Wushi body were generated simultaneously at ca. 160 Ma. The Fogang granitic main body has high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.70871–0.71570) and low ? Nd(t) values (?5.11–?8.93), suggesting the origins of the granitic rocks from crustal materials. Their Nd two-stage model ages range from 1.37–1.68 Ga. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions and the Nd model ages of the granitic rocks may suggest that the giant Fogang granitic main body was generated from a heterogeneous source, with participation of mantle component. Wushi diorite-homblende gabbro is an unusual intermediate-basic magmatic rock series, with high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.71256–0.71318) and low ? Nd(t) values (?7.32–?7.92), which was possibly formed through mixing between the mantle-derived juvenile basaltic magma and the magma produced by the dehydration melting of lower crustal basaltic rocks.
Systematic zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals that Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive activities developed in western Guangdong. Representative volcanic rocks, i.e. Maanshan and Zhougongding rhyodacites, have zircon U-Pb isotopic ages of 100±1 Ma, and the intrusive ones in-cluding the Deqing monzonitic granite body and the Xinghua granodiorite body in the Shidong com-plex, as well as the Tiaocun granodiorite body in the Guangping complex yield ages of 99±2 Ma, ca. 100 Ma, and 104±3 Ma respectively. The biotite-granites of the Shidong complex main body (461±35 Ma) and that of the Guangping complex (444±6 Ma) are Caledonian. In spite of the big time interval between Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive magmatisms and Caledonian intrusive ones, both of them are characterized by enrichment in Rb, Th, Ce, Zr, Hf, Sm, depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Ti, Eu, and weakly REE tetrad effect. Eu negative anomalies are: Cretaceous volcanic rocks (Eu/Eu*=0.74), Cretaceous intrusive rocks (Eu/Eu*=0.35―0.58), Caledonian biotite granites (Eu/Eu*=0.31―0.34). Studies of Sr-Nd isotope data show that all these igneous rocks have high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7105―0.7518), and low εNd(t) values (?7.23―?11.39) with their Nd two-stage model ages ranging from 1.6―2.0 Ga, which suggest that they all derived from the Proterozoic crustal basement of southeast China. The occurrence of Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive magmatisms in western Guangdong is related with the important lithospheric extension event in southeast China (including Nanling region) at ca. 100 Ma. The “volcanic line” defined by the large scale Mesozoic intermediate-acidic volcanic magmatisms in southeast China may further extend to the southwest margin of Nanling region.
In the eastern Nanling Range there exists the early Yanshanian syenite-granite assemblage. A representative example is the Pitou-Tabei complex composed of the Tabei syenite pluton and the Pitou syenogranite pluton in southern Jiangxi Province. U-Pb zircon dating yields ages of 188.6±2.2 Ma for the Tabei pluton and 186.3±1.1 Ma for the Pitou pluton. The Tabei syenite is characterized by relatively low SiO2 content (62.40% - 68.75%), high alkalis (K2O+Na2O = 10.56%-11.96%), low percent K2O/Na2O ratios (0.56-0.93), metaluminous fea- ture (A/CNK = 0.80-1.00), enrichment in LILE (Rb, Ba, K) and HFSE (Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr, and so on), weakly negative to positive Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.63-1.82), relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70412-0.70543), and relatively high ε Nd(t) (3.14-3.52). The Pitou syenogranite is charac- terized by high silicon content (SiO2 = 71.06%-76.28%), relatively low alkalis (K2O+Na2O = 8.10%-9.80%), high percent K2O/Na2O ratios (1.22-1.94), metaluminous feature (A/CNK = 0.94-1.07), enrichment in Rb, Th (U), K, depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P , Zr, Ti, high ΣREE (av- eraging 451.03 μg/g), strong negative Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.27-0.33), relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70805-0.70912), and relatively low ε Nd( t ) (?5.35-?6.29). The Tabei syenite and Pitou syenogranite both have the characteristics of A-type granites. The former is considered to be from the asthenosphere mantle, and the latter was the product of the crust-mantle mixture. They both were probably formed in a rifting setting.
CHEN Peirong1, ZHOU Xinmin1, ZHANG Wenlan1, LI Huimin2, FAN Chunfang1, SUN Tao1, CHEN Weifeng1 & ZHANG Min1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Mafic granulite xenoliths collected from Cenozoic basalts in SE China can be classified as magmatic granulite and cumulate granulite. Magmatic granulites are characterized by highly concentrated AI2O3, K2O, P2O5, Ba, Sr, Pb and REE, and low contents of Nb, Zr, Hf and Th, and have an incompatible element abundance pattern similar to that of continental arc basalts. Cumulate granulites are depleted in K2O, P2O5, Rb, Cs and Ba. These granulite xenoliths were the prod-ucts of crystallization and recrystallization of the basaltic magma underplating into crust-mantle boundary in Late Mesozoic. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions and variation trend of these mafic rocks are the result of crust-mantle mixing and controlled by assimilation and fractional crystallization process (AFC). However, trace element and major element variations were mainly controlled by fractional crystallization. The granulites are similar in geochemistry to surface Late Mesozoic gabbro and basalt in the study area, suggesting a close petrogenetic link between them. Late Mesozoic basaltic magma activities are the most important cause for the formation of extensive contemporaneous granite and rhyolite in the study area. This study and previous data indicate that the lower crust beneath South China is composed of a variety of Paleo- to Meso-proterozoic metamorphic rocks and Late Mesozoic mafic granulites.
Magmatism in SE China was dormant during 204―180 Ma, but was reactivated in 180― 170 Ma (early J2), and then became more and more intensive towards the end of early Cretaceous. The small-scale early J2 magmatism is the incipience to long-term and large-scale magmatism in this region. A near east-west (EW) trend volcanic belt was distributed across south Hunan, south Jiangxi and southwest Fujian was formed during early J2 time. Along this belt from the inland toward the coast, the lithology of basalts changes from alkali into tholeiite, and the amount of erupted volcanic rocks and the proportions of rhyolites coexisting with the basalts increase. On the basis of geochemical char- acteristics of these basalts, we infer that the melting degree of source rocks and the extent of frac- tional crystallization and crustal contamination all increased whereas the depth of mantle source de- creased from the inland to the coast, which led to the variations of geological characteristics of the volcanic belt. In early J2, the western spreading Pacific plate began to subduct underneath SE China continental block, reactivating near EW trend deep fault that was originally formed during the Indos- inian event. The stress of the western spreading Pacific plate and the extent of asthenosphere up- welling increased from the inland to the coast, which is consistent with the generation and evolution of early J2 basalts.
XIE Xin1, XU Xisheng1, ZOU Haibo2, JIANG Shaoyong1, ZHANG Ming3 & QIU Jiansheng1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
