The responses of rice to the second degree contamination of copper were studied by pot experiments under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) with 570 μmol·mol-1 of CO2. The results showed that the content of copper in rice leaves was reduced with the CO2 concentration reaching 570 μmol·mol-1 and this happened more significantly under the second degree contamination of copper. Under FACE, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in rice leaves treated by copper contamination were induced, whereas the contents of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) had no significant difference from the control. In the presence of ambient CO2, activities of SOD enzyme treated by copper pollution were suppressed during the whole rice growth, however, the contents of GSH and GSSG were induced at tillering and jointing stages, and then restored to the control levels in later growth under the second degree contamination of copper. With the rice growing, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) rises continuously, but there had been no significant difference between the treatments at the same growth stage. Further studies are needed on the response mechanism of rice to Cu stress under elevated CO2.
A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the rice root growth in FACE （free-air carbon dioxide enrichment）. The root biomass, root volume, ratio of root/shoot, number of adventitious roots and root diameter significantly increased under FACE conditions, while the CO2 enrichment decreased the N concentration in rice roots without any change in the C content, leading to an increase in root C：N ratio. Moreover, the elevated CO2 resulted in a remarkable decrease of root activity, expressed as per unit root dry weight, which might be responsible for decreased N concentration in roots.
CHEN Gai-ping CHENG Lei ZHU Jian-guo PANG Jing XIE Zu-bin ZENG Qing
依托FACE(Free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,采用稳定^(13)C同位索法,通过将C_3作物小麦种植于长期单作玉米的C_4土壤上,研究了大气CO_2浓度升高和不同氮肥水平对水稻-小麦轮作制中冬小麦生长季土壤有机碳更新的影响。结果表明,种植一季小麦后土壤有机碳的δ^(13)C值显著降低,小麦生长改变了土壤有机碳的组成,大气CO_2浓度增加促进作物向土壤中输入更多的碳。大气CO_2浓度升高增加了麦田土壤有机碳的更新率,使土壤有机碳的更新率由3.61%(施氮量为150 kg hm^(-2),LN)～4.59%(施氮量为250 kg hm^(-2),HN)提高至6.72%(LN)～8.55%(HN),分别增加72.7%和86.1%。结果表明,大气CO_2浓度升高和提高氮肥用量将加快农田土壤有机碳的更新。
利用采集自FACE(Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)技术平台上田间培养的土壤样品,通过温室培养的方法,研究不同CO2浓度下导致作物生物量增加和更多碳输入对土壤含碳量的影响.结果表明,CO2浓度高(即通过秸秆还田和根系进入土壤的含碳量增加)时,其显著影响碳在不同粒级土壤中的转化,粒径>53μm土壤的含碳量增加,粒径<53μm土壤的含碳量降低;在没有秸秆加入的常规氮水平下与有秸秆加入的低氮水平下,含碳量变化幅度较大;单位土壤各粒级的含碳量均有增加,有秸秆加入,活性碳(葡萄糖)量越大,含碳量增加幅度越大;没有秸秆加入,活性碳量越大,总碳含量增加幅度越小.而不同氮水平下秸秆的分解代谢对土壤不同粒级碳的影响还不明确,有待继续研究.
