Single-pulse and double-pulse optical emission spectroscopy （OES） analyses were carried out in air by using ultrashort laser pulses at atmospheric pressure. The aim of this work is to use spectroscopic methods to analyze the early phase of laser-induced plasma after the femtosecond laser pulse. The temporal behavior of emission spectra of air plasma has been characterized. In comparison with the single-pulse scheme, the plasma emission obtained in the double-pulse scheme presents a more intense continuum along with several additional ionic lines. As only one line is available in the single-pulse scheme, the plasma temperature measurements were performed using only the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method, whereas the relative line-to-line intensity ratio method and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method were used simultaneously to estimate the electron temperature in the double-pulse scheme. The results reveal that the temperature values obtained by the two methods in the double-pulse scheme agree. Moreover, this shows that the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method is suitable for early phase of laser-induced plasma diagnostics. The electron number density was estimated using the Stark broadening method. In the early phase of laser-induced plasma, the temporal evolution of the electron number density exhibits a power law decrease with delay time.
In this work,a new hybrid MPGD consisting of two GEM foils and a metallic mesh was proposed.Based on the simulation studies,this design can significantly reduce the rise time of signal and has a better performance in respect of particle identification compared with the triple GEM design.The gain with various voltages setting was computed in order to provide us references for future experiment.The simulation results also show that the time and space resolution compared to the triple GEM detector are also improved.The time and space resolution of hybrid detector with Ar/CO_2(70/30) and Ar/isobutane(95/5) were investigated for various drift electric field intensities.This new hybrid detector shows excellent potential for both fundamental research and imaging applications.
A digital coincidence acquisition system applied to a portable liquid scintillation counting device is developed. The system which simplifies the device design consists of a digitizer card of Agilent U1066A DC438, a discriminator and a host computer. The anode analog pulses from two photomultiplier tubes are captured by the system, which adopts the sequence acquisition storage mode. By choosing proper threshold for each channel, coincidence time window of ±30 ns, and comparing the pulse amplitudes from two channels, the portable scintillation counting device can be used to detect β particles. For the unquenched standard 3 H sample, the results show that the detection efficiency is (58.5±0.1)% and the background is (86.7±0.7) cpm. Meanwhile, 3 H β spectrum is obtained.
In this paper, an experimental study of collinear geometry double-pulse femtosecond LIBS was performed on a Ni sample in ambient air in an effort to clarify the contributing processes responsible for the signal enhancement observed in comparison with the single-pulse case. Doublepulse LIBS spectra show a very clear enhancement when an optimum inter-pulse delay was used. The influences of the inter-pulse delay between two pulses on the LIBS signal intensity, electron temperature and density were investigated. It is most remarkable that the evolutions of signal enhancement and electron temperature versus the inter-pulse delay showed the same behavior and revealed two main regimes of interaction. These results provide additional insight into the possible emission enhancement mechanisms in the double pulse configuration.
