We propose a new principle of the cascade utilization of both chemical energy and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles. Particularly, a general equation of energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy is explicitly founded. On the basis of this equation, a chemical-looping combustion and an indirect combustion are investigated. Furthermore, a mechanism of energy release, with the combination of decreasing the energy level of Gibbs free energy and upgrading the energy level of low or middle- temperature thermal energy, is clarified. The promising results obtained here establish a theoretical basis for the further investigation of multi-function systems in which energy and the environment are compatible, and create a new approach to improve the performance of traditional thermal cycles.
JIN Hongguang1, HONG Hui1,2, WANG Baoqun1,2, HAN Wei1,2 & LIN Rumou1,2 1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Several families of algebraically explicit analytical wavesolutions are derived for the unsteady 1D ideal gas flow with friction and heat-transfer, which include one family of travelling wave solutions, three families of standing wave solutions and one standing wave solution. \{Among\} them, the former four solution families contain arbitrary functions, so actually there are infinite analytical wave solutions having been derived. Besides their very important theoretical meaning, such analytical wave solutions can guide the development of some new equipment, and can be the benchmark solutions to promote the development of computational fluid dynamics. For example, we can use them to check the accuracy, convergence and effectiveness of various numerical computational methods and to improve the numerical computation skills such as differential schemes, grid generation ways and so on.
