对杂交三倍体泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(2n♀×4n♂,DT)和二倍体泥鳅(2n♀×2n♂,DD)的胚胎发育进行观察,详细记录了其胚胎发育的形态特征和发育特点。结果表明:DT受精卵在水温(25±1)℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程约需36 h 19 min;对照组DD受精卵在水温(25±1)℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程约需35 h 57 min;DT(DD)的胚胎发育包括卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化出膜期6个时期,DT(DD)受精卵约40 min(40 min)后进入卵裂期,3 h 45 min(3 h 40min)后进入囊胚期,6 h 30 min(6 h 24 min)后进入原肠期,9 h 32 min(9 h 20 min)后进入神经胚期,15 h 45 min(15 h 30 min)后进入器官形成期,36 h 19 min(35 h 57 min)后出膜。研究表明,DT的胚胎发育时序及形态特征与DD基本相似,说明DT具有正常的胚胎发育过程,本研究可为杂交三倍体泥鳅苗种培育提供生物学依据。
We used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic parameters of three different polyploidy populations of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from Honghu City, Hubei Province. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis banding patterns of diploid（2n）, triploid（3n） and tetraploid loaches（4n） were analyzed with Pop Gen software. A total of 68 alleles were obtained from seven microsatellite loci and the polymorphism information content（PIC） indices were all above 0.5. The average expected mean heterozygosity values（He） were 0.8420, 0.7186 and 0.8521; the average observed mean heterozygosity values（Ho） were 0.9674, 0.9785 and 0.8928; and the HardyWeinberg P values were 0.3078, 0.3151 and 0.3762, for diploid, triploid and tetraploid individuals, respectively. The results indicated that the three populations were highly polymorphic, with no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium observed at all the seven microsatellite loci. This indicated a high level of genetic diversity within the populations. A cluster analysis diagram showed that the shortest genetic distance was between diploid and tetraploid loaches and they shared a close phylogenetic relationship. The triploid and tetraploid individuals had the most distant phylogenetic relationship.
Li Ya-juanQi Hong-ruiMa Hai-yanZhou HeXu WenSui YiLi Jia-qi
