Ficolin-2 is a lectin complement pathway activator present in normal human plasma and usually associated with infectious diseases, but little is known about the role of ficolin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection. Here, we describe our novel findings that serum ficolin-2concentrations of 103 HIV-1 patients were much higher compared to those of 57 healthy donors. In vitro analysis showed that HIV-1 infection could enhance ficolin-2 expression. We further demonstrated that recombinant ficolin-2 protein could bind with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, and subsequently induce complement dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, ficolin-2 could block the entry of HIV-1 into target cells(TZM-b1 and MT-2 cells) and infection in a ficolin-2 dosedependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the protective role of ficolin-2against HIV-1 infection and our study suggests that ficolin-2 is an important human innate immune molecule against HIV.
目的应用CS-SELEX(cell surface-system evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment)技术筛选与丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)非结构蛋白4B(non protein 4B,NS4B)特异性结合的ssDNA适配子,建立检测HCV NS4B的酶联寡聚核苷酸吸附试验(enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay,ELONA)方法。方法构建pDisplay-NS4B质粒,并转染至HepG2细胞中,在G418存在情况下连续筛选1个月,得到单克隆细胞群,经过Western blot以及流式细胞术验证,获得稳定表达NS4B的HepG2细胞。设计并合成随机序列ssDNA文库,以稳定表达NS4B的细胞为正向筛选靶细胞,以HepG2细胞为反筛细胞进行CS-SELEX技术筛选。每轮筛选获得的具有结合NS4B能力的ssDNA适配子,通过PCR扩增得到富集,随后通过不对称PCR获得下一轮筛选的ssDNA文库。经过16轮筛选,将亲和力最高的筛选产物克隆并测序,用ELONA方法检测适配子的亲和力。结果成功构建表面展示表达重组质粒pDisplay-NS4B。分别将该质粒转入HepG2细胞,通过G418筛选获得稳定表达HCV-NS4B的细胞系NS4B-HepG2。对CS-SELEX筛选的各轮适配子库进行亲和力测定,其中第14轮库适配子与NS4B的亲合力最高。分别对第14轮库中的单个适配子进行亲和力测定,以适配子ZN1和ZN5与NS4B的亲合力最高。ZN1和ZN5不仅能结合展示在细胞表面的NS4B蛋白,还能结合丙型肝炎病毒感染细胞(HCV cell culture,HCVcc)中的HCV-NS4B蛋白。结论适配子ZN1和ZN5对NS4B有高亲和力,这对研究HCV-NS4B致癌机制、HCV诊断以及治疗方面有潜在的应用价值。
目的应用指数级富集配体系统进化技术(system evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)筛选与鸟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)特异性结合的ssDNA适配子,建立酶联寡聚核苷酸吸附试验(enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay,ELONA)检测鸟分枝杆菌的方法。方法设计并合成随机序列ssDNA文库,以鸟分枝杆菌为靶标,利用SELEX技术筛选特异性的ssDNA适配子,将亲和力最高的适配子进行克隆、测序;用DNAMAN软件分析适配子的二级结构,并检测其特异性。结果单适配子N1与鸟分枝杆菌结合的Kd为(246±21.87)nmol/L,即亲和力最高,而对结核分枝杆菌等其他分枝杆菌亲和力较低。结论应用SELEX筛选的鸟分枝杆菌ssDNA适配子N1具有较高亲和力和特异性,可作为鸟分枝杆菌检测及艾滋病合并鸟分枝杆菌感染的特异性诊断制剂。
Human ficolin-2 is an important lectin complement pathway activator that is secreted from liver cells and has been implicated as an anti-infection innate immune molecule. However, the role of ficolin-2 protein and its dynamic changes over the course of and in the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed ficolin-2 protein expression in a cohort of individuals with CHB infection, HCC and cirrhosis. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used to measure serum ficolin-2 concentrations. Ficolin-2 expression in liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Serum ficolin-2 concentrations in CHB patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls and HBV carriers. After 48 weeks of routine amelioration liver function treatment, serum ficolin-2 concentrations decreased and were positively correlated with favorable alanine aminotransferase(ALT), HBV DNA and HBe Ag-seroconversion outcomes. Interestingly, we observed much lower expression of serum and intrahepatic ficolin-2 in HCC and cirrhosis compared with healthy controls. Our findings suggest that serum and intrahepatic ficolin-2 levels may be considered one of the indicators for the response of chronic HBV infection, HCC and cirrhosis.
Certain carbohydrate antigens of malignantly trans- formed cells have been identified as markers for the onset of can- cer and have become targets for the development of anticancer vaccine therapies. For tumor antigens, many carbohydrate antigens belong to T-independent （TI） antigens. Carbohydrate conjugated to protein carriers can switch TI antigen to a T-dependent （TD） anti- gen. Attempts to add an innate immune response element （such as Toll-like receptor ligand） to carbohydrate TI-antigens have also been studied. Glycosylation inhibitors or small interfering RNA have also been used for antitumor and/or antiviral agents. This review aims at describing the vast spectrum of tumor carbohydrate antigens and strategies to develop cancer vaccines and drugs.
LIU MinPAN QinLUO FenglingMEYERS CraigZHANG Xiao-Lian
