Using the method of Thorpe analysis,the TKE(turbulence kinematic energy)dissipation rate(ε)and turbulence diffusivity(K)were derived from the RS(radiosounding)measurements in the tropical oceanic upper troposphere.The measurements were performed four times per day during two intense observation periods(May 5–25,and June 5–25)on the Kexue#1 scientific observation ship of SCSMEX(South China Sea Monsoon EXperiment)in 1998.There are three new features obtained from our analysis.First,the responses ofεand K to the onset of monsoon are negligible over the ocean at least for the data used here.Second,the temporal variations ofεand K are in a similar manner and exhibit strong diurnal variations.The diurnal variations achieve their maxima in the morning(08 LT)and early afternoon(14 LT),and achieve their minima in the evening(20 LT)and early morning hours(02 LT).The diurnal variations of turbulence parameters(εand K)and their responses to the onset of monsoon are entirely different from those derived over land at similar latitudes.Finally,although the correlations between the variations ofεand MCSs(mesoscale convective systems),which were derived from TRMM(tropical rainfall measuring mission)satellite,are not very well in only few days,the diurnal variations ofεaveraged over May and June are strongly correlated with the diurnal variations of MCSs with correlation factors of 0.79 and 0.94,respectively.This indicates that the turbulence and its diurnal variations over the tropic oceanic upper stratosphere region are highly related to the MCSs.
A SpectroMeter of Atmospheric RadiaTion (SMART) was developed and installed at the Xinglong station of the National Astronomical Observatories in Hebei province, China, which was supported by the Meridian Project [1]. The experimental tests of spectrometric observation of the hydroxyl emission and rotational temperature in China were conducted for the first time on the night of February 23, 2011 and the night of April 27, 2011, respectively. OH 6-2 band and OH 8-3 band spectra were measured and the rotational temperature was retrieved. Hourly average temperatures (186.82±6.40) K of OH 8-3 band and (178.07±6.73) K of OH 6-2 band were derived from the spectra observed on the night of February 23, 2011. Intensities and rotational temperature against local time were determined by the spectra measured in the whole night of April 27, 2011. The rotational temperature was consistent with the spatial average temperature of NRLMSISE00 empirical model at height 83-91 km and the average temperature of TIMED/SABER from April to May of seven years at height 83-91 km, with some discrepancies. The results showed that the new instrument and the retrieval method of the rotational temperature can give reasonable results of the airglow emission of OH and the temperature of mesopause.
