A nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) film with a smooth surface was successfully deposited on silicon by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), RAMAN scattering spectra, as well as spectroscopic ellipsometry were employed to characterize the as-grown film. By fitting the spectroscopic ellipsometric data in the energy range of 0.75?1.50 eV with a three-layer model, Si|diamond+non-diamond|diamond+ non-diamond+void|air, the optical constants are obtained. The refractive index of the NCD film varies little from 2.361 to 2.366 and the extinction coefficient is of the order of 10?2. According to the optical transmittance and absorption coefficient in the wavelength range from 200 to 1 100 nm, the optical gap of the film is estimated to be 4.3 eV by a direct optical transition mechanics.
Free-standing diamond films were prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method under different conditions. Inter-digital transducers (IDTs) were formed on the nucleation sides of free-standing diamond films by photolithography technique. Then piezoelectric ZnO films were deposited by radio-frequency(RF) reactive magnetron sputtering to obtain the ZnO/diamond film structures. Surface morphologies of the nucleation sides and the IDTs were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and optical microscopy. The results indicate that the surfaces of nucleation sides are very smooth and the IDTs are of high quality without discontinuity and short circuit phenomenon. Raman spectra show the sharp diamond feature peak at about 1 334 cm?1 and the small amount of non-diamond carbon in the nucleation side. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the structure of ZnO/diamond films show a strong diffraction peak of ZnO (002), which indicates that as-sputtered ZnO films are highly c-axis oriented.
The structure characteristic and electric performance of ZnO film deposited on nucleation side of free-standing diamond substrates under different heating temperatures (Th) of substrate and working pressures (p) were studied. The structure of the ZnO films tested by X-ray diffraction shows that ZnO film of high c-axis orientation is deposited on the nucleation side of free-standing diamond substrate which is extremely smooth when Th=250 ℃ and p=0.4 Pa. After annealing at 480 ℃ in N2 atmosphere, the SEM and the AFM analyses demonstrate that the c-axis orientation of ZnO film is obviously enhanced. The resistivity of ZnO films also increases up to 8×105 ■·cm which is observed by I?V test.
The room-temperature oxygen plasma treatment before depositing ZnO films on nanocrystalline diamond substrates was studied. The nanocrystalline diamond substrates were pretreated in oxygen plasma at 50 W for 30 min at room temperature and then ZnO films were sputtered on diamond substrates at 400 W. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the c-axis orientation of ZnO film increases evidently after oxygen plasma pretreatment. The AFM and SEM measurements also show that the high c-axis orientation of ZnO film and the average surface roughness is less than 5 nm. The resistivity of ZnO films increases nearly two orders of magnitude to 1.04×108■·cm. As a result, room-temperature oxygen plasma pretreatment is indeed a simple and effective way to improve the performance of ZnO film used in SAW devices by ameliorating the combination between diamond film and ZnO film and also complementing the absence of oxygen atoms in ZnO film.
The post-growth treatment of a [100]-oriented diamond film was performed to improve the film quality. The characteristic of post-growth film was investigated by using the RAMAN spectrum and the capacitance-frequency curve. The results show that the resistivities and frequency response enhance after the post-treatments in solution of H2SO4 and H2O2 and an annealing under N2 atmosphere at 500 ℃ for 60 min. Under a bias voltage of 100 V, the net photocurrent is obtained under 55Fe(5.9 keV) X-rays and 241Am (5.5 MeV) α particles radiation, respectively. The photocurrent increases rapidly at first and becomes stable for the “pumping” effect with the radiation time.
A new method, called growing-etching repetitional process based on hot filament chemical vapor deposition, was proposed to improve the quality of diamond film. During the deposition carbon source was intermittently closed letting hydrogen etch the surface of the diamond film from time to time. In order to find whether it is helpful to the films’ quality, a series of experiments were done. The results show that the new method can enhance the orientation of the chemical vapor deposition diamond films, reduce the graphite phase and increase the film’s surface resistivity.
