本文探索中美洲与我国二里头遗址绿松石镶嵌技术传统。中方曾实地考察北美洲西南部查科峡谷绿松石作坊遗址。合作者之一是特诺奇蒂特兰大神庙(Great Temple of Tenochtitlan)出土绿松石作坊的发掘及研究者。中墨双方合作,开启了太平洋两岸早期绿松石制作工艺对比研究的尝试。二里头绿松石制品工艺的研究,为认识我国早期国家社会宗教信仰和社会价值取向的重要途径。通过中墨两地考古资料,对镶嵌绿松石制品和绿松石作坊的对比,并以湖北云盖寺绿松石原料嵌片实验的制作,揭示绿松石制品在早期文明的世界性意义。
On the Erlitou site, a palace-city and a network of roads in its periphery have been discovered in recent years. The main road functioned continuously from the early to the late stage of Erlitou culture. The palace-city has a plan in the shape of a vertical rectangle and occupies an area of about 108,000 sq m. It was built at the turn from the second to the third phase of the Erlitou culture and existed to the fourth phase or a little later. This is the remains of the earliest palace-city known so far in China. Among the other important findings are wheel tracks of the early Erlitou culture and turquoise-containiing waist pits of the late Erlitou. The discovery of the palace-city and road network suggests that the Erlitou site is left over from a city large in size and neat in layout.
Building Foundation No. 4 of the Erlitou site is located in the eastern palace-area,straight ahead of Palace-foundation No. 2. Its main part was excavated from the spring of 2002 to the spring of 2003. These remains consist of the rammed-earth platform of the main pavilion and the vestiges of the eastern corridor, with the former occupying an area of over 460 sq m. Judging from the discovered vestiges, the fourth foundation can be reconstructed to represent a building complex formed of the main pavilion, the eastern and western corridors and the yard between them. These buildings were constructed in the third phase of Erlitou culture, roughly simultaneously with the complex represented by Foundation 2. The two compounds shared the same central axis and must have belonged to the same building group.
Recently the Erlitou Archaeological Team, IA, CASS, has given the priority of their field work to research into the settlement pattern of the Erlitou site. Through more than four years of systematic survey, drilling and selective excavation, with the previous achievements in field archaeology combined, they have got further understanding on the structure, layout and other problems of the site.The present paper makes a systematic discussion on the limits, present conditions and mini-environments of the site, as well as its general layout, the road network in the central area, the distribution of the vestiges in the palace-city and the evolution of the settlement.
Foundation No.5 of Erlitou Site located in middle east of the palace area,which was paralleling to Foundation No.3 in east and west.Two remains were large-sized rammed-earth foundation of Phase II of Erlitou Culture.Foundation No.5 covered 2700 sq m currently,without wall.The foundation contained four layers of courtyards,in which buried several contemporaneous burials of aristocrats.Foundation No.5 would be the earliest and best in conservation large-sized rammed-earth courtyards having two or more layers,of which showed the distinction of palace architecture in early Erilitou Culture.It was the origin of the later palace architecture in courtyards of China.
