用Non-Boussinesq POP模式和1960—1999年NCEP的1 000hPa大气温度和风场资料,模拟了最近40a太平洋海面高度和热容量的变化,通过与实际观测结果比较,得出模拟结果可信的结论,并且得到了如下有意义的结果。1960—1999年由热膨胀引起的太平洋海面高度平均以0.5mm.a-1的速度上升,如果在此之后假设全球气温不再升高,由于海洋特别是深海还没有达到平衡,在未来282a太平洋深海继续增温导致平均海面高度还将以0.15mm.a-1的速度上升。1960—1999年太平洋海面高度平均变化率的水平分布显示,最大的下降率在热带中西太平洋,为7mm.a-1;最大的上升率在热带东太平洋,为8mm.a-1左右;中纬度太平洋中部海面高度是下降的,下降率1mm.a-1左右;另外在南半球的中太平洋南部海面高度也是下降的,下降率小于1mm.a-1,而在太平洋沿岸则基本上是上升区域;中国沿海海面高度的上升率为1.0mm.a-1左右,它相对于东太平洋沿岸的上升率要小很多。太平洋热容量从海表向下传播的速度是由快变慢的,到170m再由慢变快,到500m达到最快,在500m深度以下又逐渐变慢;在大多数情况下,El Ni o年份整个太平洋的热容量是比较高的,而La Ni a年份的热容量则比较低。
The relationship between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole was discussed by using the data set of sea temperature from Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the air temperature at 1000hPa from the NCEP reanalysis data and the Nino3 index from the Climate Prediction Center （CPC） of U.S.A. during the period from 1955 to 2001. The results show that there exists a Dipole on the maximum temperature anomalous level （MTAL） in the Indian Ocean, which close relates to ENSO in the Pacific Ocean. During El Nino periods there are good relationships between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole which maximum correlation occurring when ENSO leads by one month, but in La Nina periods the relationship is not so good. The distribution of Dipole in Indian Ocean is from northeast to southwest, which one （west） pole in 65°E - 75°E, 6°S - 10°S and the other in 85°E - 95°E, 2°N - 6°N, which is different from that defined by Saij. The correlation coefficients of Nino3 index with temperature anomalies in the west/east poles on the MTAL are over 0.4 - 0.15, respectively. It is a main sea temperature system in the tropical Indian Ocean. However, in the surface layer from sea surface to the depth of 20 m - 30 m there is no such a dipole with opposite sea temperature anomalies in the NE and SW of tropical Indian Ocean. The SSTA in the NE might be influenced by the sensible exchange process because the evolution of sea and 1 000 hPa air temperature anomaly time series of the NE of tropical Indian Ocean is quite similar except those during 1962 - 1963 and 1986. The periods of Indian Ocean Dipole are shorter than that of ENSO, and about 1 to 6-year.
