Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China despite the remarkable successes in schistosomiasis control achieved over the past four decades. The present strategy to control schistosomiasis relies primarily on diagnosis and targeted chemotherapy supplemented with Oncomelania control through mollusciciding and environmental modification. Praziquantel is an effective drug currently available for human treatment, but it cannot prevent re-infection, and the development of drug resistance by schistosomes and existence of numerous livestock for continued transmission of this parasitic disease to human being have mainly been in concerns. It seems that the most feasible long-term solution to the problem of schistosomiasis at present is a protective vaccine. Considerable efforts have been aimed at the identification of relevant schistosome antigens that may induce protective immune response. Many putative vaccine antigens for schistosome have been identified during the past decades, such as GST, TPI, paramyosin, myosin, membrane-associated antigen （23 kDa） FABP and so on. Unfortunately, only partial protection was reached with any of these candidate antigen formulations. Actually it is very common that the vaccines currently being tested in many laboratories have only shown limited efficacy in animal trials. There remains a urgent need for continuous search for new vaccine candidates. Thioredoxins （Trx） are a class of small 12 kDa redox proteins known to be present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It acts as electron carriers necessary for the catalytic cycles of biosynthetic enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductases, methionine sulfoxide reductases and sulfate reductases. It generally protects cytosolic proteins from aggregation or inactivation via oxidative formation of intra- or inter-molecular disulfides and is able to reduce H2O2 and scavenge free radicals. It is associated with regulation of apoptosis, immunomodulation, etc. According to the results from our proteomics
