The stigmas of five species, Populus euphratica Oliv., P. alba L., P. simonii Carr., P. lasiocarpa Oliv. and P. nigra L. have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy re veals that exudates are present in the intercellular spaces, in the clefts between the multicel lular papillae and on the receptive surface. Release and movement of exudates can be visual ized when the fresh stigmas are stained with sudan Ⅲ and auramine O. Paraffin and semi thin resin sections of stigmas after glutaraldehyde osmium fixation evidence the lipidic nature of the exudates. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the glandular features of the stigmatic papillae cells, such as abundance of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, and well developed dictyosomes with secretory vesicles. Pellicle and epicuticular lamellate layers which have been considered as typical features of the dry type stigmas are also present in the species where stigmas appear extremely wet. It is concluded that stigmas in all of the five species are secretory at the receptive stage. Well developed generative and sperm cells were observed in the pollen tubes penetrating through the deep layers of the stigmatic tissue in the reciprocal crosses between P. euphratica and P. simonii, which indicated that there is no significant barrier in the stigma.
An intergeneric artificial hybridization was conducted between Cunninghamia R. Br. and Cryptomeria D.Don The results are as follows:1. A considerable number of hybrid seeds shed from 76 pollinated cones were empty and a total of 628 looks plump. Soft X ray radiographs showed that, still and all, a majority of the “plump" seeds were embryoless (597, 95.6%) whereas some were partially developed (17,2.7%) and only a few were really full (14, 2.2%). 2. Germination test showed that all of the radiographed hybrid seeds with fully developed embryos were germinable whereas those with partially developed embryos were ungerminable. 3. Physiologically, the growth rate of hypocotyl, the date for shedding of seed coat and spreading of cotyledons, the elongation of epicotyl, and the branching of shoot of the 11 month old seedlings showed a tendency to fall behind those of the female parent; morphologically, the 11 month old hybrid seedlings with linear leaves appeared rather short, slender and weak, whereas the seedlings of the female parents with linear_lanceolate leaves appeared rather tall, stout and strong. 4. It is considered that the hybrid may be true and the crossability reveals a close phylogenetic affinity of Cunninghamia with Cryptomeria.
