BACKGROUND Cancer patients often suffer from severe stress reactions psychologically,such as anxiety and depression.Prostate cancer(PC)is one of the common cancer types,with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages that cannot be treated by radical surgery and which are accompanied by complications such as bodily pain and bone metastasis.Therefore,attention should be given to the mental health status of PC patients as well as physical adverse events in the course of clinical treatment.AIM To analyze the risk factors leading to anxiety and depression in PC patients after castration and build a risk prediction model.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 120 PC cases treated in Xi'an People's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2022.The patient cohort was divided into a training group(n=84)and a validation group(n=36)at a ratio of 7:3.The patients’anxiety symptoms and depression levels were assessed 2 wk after surgery with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and the Selfrating Depression Scale(SDS),respectively.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting negative mood,and a risk prediction model was constructed.RESULTS In the training group,35 patients and 37 patients had an SAS score and an SDS score greater than or equal to 50,respectively.Based on the scores,we further subclassified patients into two groups:a bad mood group(n=35)and an emotional stability group(n=49).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that marital status,castration scheme,and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score were independent risk factors affecting a patient's bad mood(P<0.05).In the training and validation groups,patients with adverse emotions exhibited significantly higher risk scores than emotionally stable patients(P<0.0001).The area under the curve(AUC)of the risk prediction model for predicting bad mood in the training group was 0.743,the specificity was 70.96%,and the sensitivity was 66.03%,while in the validation group,the AUC,specificity,and sensitivity were
Rui-Xiao LiXue-Lian LiGuo-Jun WuYong-Hua LeiXiao-Shun LiBo LiJian-Xin Ni
Objective: To investigate the effect of perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy(HRT) on cytokine patterns in a perimenopausal mouse model established by ovarian castration. Methods: The mice were divided into natural menopause group,ovariectomy group and HRT group, with 15 mice in each group, and the estrous cycle, estrous frequency and menopausal time of the mice were determined by vaginal cytology,and the estrous cycle, estrous frequency and menopausal time were compared among the three groups. The serum levels of estradiol(E2) and progesterone(P4) in each group were detected by double-antibody sandwich ELISA, and the levels of interferon gamma(IFN-γ), interleukin-2(IL-2), IL-4 and IL-10 in the spleen γ tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. Results: The time of menopause(53.07±3.99) d in the HRT group was between that of the natural menopause group(80.80±3.26) d and that of the ovariectomy group(16.27±4.35) d, with a statistically significant difference in the two-by-two comparison of the three groups(P<0.05). The levels of serum E2(694.4±128.3) ng/L and P4(14.2 ±6.0) ng/L in the HRT therapy group are between those of the ovariectomy group and the natural menopause group, with statistically significant differences between the groups(P<0.05). The levels of IL-2(30.9±5.3) pg/ml, IL-4(9.4±1.6) pg/ml, IL-10(19.7±3.1) pg/ml, IFN-γ(22.0±3.7) pg/ml in the HRT group were all between those of natural menopause group and ovariectomy group. The Th1/Th2 ratio in the ovariectomy group was 7.55±1.57, higher than that in the natural menopause group(1.53±0.48) and HRT group(2.38 ±0.44), with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion:Menopausal HRT can partially correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines, which is able to provide an experimental basis for the regulation of menopause-related immune imbalance by HRT.
