Currently, Nanjing South Railway Stationplanning to implement slate roof renovation is integratingsolar cell modules into traditional roof materials to generateclean energy. Copper–indium–gallium diselenide（CuIn1-xGaxSe2, CIGS） is one of the most promisingmaterials for thin film solar cells. Cu（In1-xGax）Se2 filmswere deposited by a one-step radio frequency magnetronsputtering process at low substrate temperature. X-raydiffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, energydispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, and electrical and opticalmeasurements were carried out to investigate the depositedfilms. The results reveal that a temperature of 320 C iscritical for near-stoichiometric CIGS films with uniformsurface morphology. Cu-rich phase particulates are foundat less than this temperature. The sample deposited at380 C gives well-crystalline single-phase CIGS film.Furthermore, the electrical and optical performances of theabsorber layer are improved significantly with theincreasing substrate temperature.
Adoption of powder-in-tube method to fabricatesuperconducting wire can realize a large application ofNb3Al prepared by powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgywas used to synthesize Nb3Al under various heat-treatmentconditions, annealing temperature was varied from 700 to1,000 C and heating time was varied from 10 to 50 h.X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that a reaction between Nband Al took place and formed NbAl3 phase. Under currentheat-treatment conditions （annealing temperature wasvaried from 700 to 1,000 C and heating time was variedfrom 10 to 50 h）, NbAl3 was so stable that it did not furtherreact with the unreacted Nb and was not sensitive to theheat-treatment condition. By mechanical alloying, adoptionof high-energy ball milling significantly decreases particlesize and enhances surface free energy, which promotes theformation of Nb3Al phase. X-ray diffraction patternsindicate that relatively pure Nb3Al phase was obtainedunder the same heat-treatment condition. Energy-dispersiveX-ray analysis measurement demonstrates that theobtained samples were close to the right stoichiometry ofA15 structure Nb3Al.
Zhao LiuYongliang ChenLupeng DuPingyuan LiYajing CuiXifeng PanGuo Yan
