为筛选出提取梨叶片总RNA的最佳方法,以梨极矮化突变体和苹果梨为材料,采用柱式植物RNAout试剂盒、SDS法和改良CTAB法提取其叶片总RNA并比较提取效果。结果表明,改良CTAB法能有效抑制酚类物质和多糖对总RNA提取的影响,获得纯度高、完整性好的总RNA,其28 S rRNA条带亮度高于18 S rRNA,所提取的RNA适合下一步的研究使用。
以S2、朝鲜洋梨及其F1杂种为试材,应用RAPD标记初步构建了S2×朝鲜洋梨遗传连锁图谱.结果表明,RAPD标记在S2×朝鲜洋梨杂种F1分离方式可分为3类,符合孟德尔分离的标记51个,占38.1%;偏孟德尔分离的标记13个,占9.7%;异常分离的标记3个,占2.2%.在符合1∶1或3∶1分离以及偏离孟德尔分离的64条标记中,平均每个引物产生2.2个作图标记,可用于构建两亲本和F1的遗传连锁图谱.采用32个孟德尔分离标记和7个偏分离标记构建S2×朝鲜洋梨遗传连锁图谱,共有15个连锁群,全长394.18 cM,标记间平均距离10.11 cM.
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for breeding selection, matching parents and the identification of traits during early period. [ Method ] With Shanli （ Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim） , S2 × Shanli （vigorous）, S2 x ShanU （dwarfing）, S2, super-dwarfing germplasm as the matedais, the dwarfing traits of each germplasm were identified by indices including leaf stomata density, branch-cortex ratio, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, paisade-spongy ratio and vessel density. [Result] Among five kinds of pear germplasms, Shanli with strong growth potential had the smallest branch-cortex ratio, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and palisade-spengy ratio, but the largest stomata density and vessel density. On the contrary, super-dwarfing germplasm with weak growth potential had the largest branch-cortex ratio, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and palisade-spongy ratio, but the smallest stomata density and vessel density. There was a difference in stomata density, branch-cortex ratio, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, palisade-spongy ratio and vessel density for every germplasm. [ Conclusion] Stomata density, branch-cortex ratio, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, palisade-spongy ratio and vessel density can be used as indices of identification for pear growth potential in early period.
