前列腺癌免疫治疗的研究主要集中在疫苗治疗、免疫检查点抑制剂(如PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4抑制剂)、过继性细胞治疗(如CAR-T细胞)以及肿瘤微环境的调控等方面。然而,由于前列腺癌肿瘤的低免疫原性和复杂的免疫微环境,单一免疫治疗在前列腺癌中的疗效尚不及其他高免疫原性肿瘤。目前,联合治疗策略(如免疫治疗与内分泌治疗、化疗或放疗联合、ICI或肿瘤疫苗联合)已成为研究热点,旨在增强治疗效果并克服单一疗法的局限性。本文综述了免疫治疗在前列腺癌中的最新研究进展,分析了其潜在机制及未来发展方向,为前列腺癌患者提供更多的治疗方案。The research on immunotherapy for prostate cancer mainly focuses on vaccine therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors), adoptive cell therapy (such as CAR-T cells), and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, due to the low immunogenicity and complex immune microenvironment of prostate cancer tumors, the efficacy of single-agent immunotherapy in prostate cancer has not matched that in other highly immunogenic tumors. Currently, combination therapy strategies (such as immunotherapy combined with endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, as well as combinations of ICIs or tumor vaccines) have become a research hotspot aimed at enhancing therapeutic effects and overcoming the limitations of monotherapies. This article reviews the latest research progress in immunotherapy for prostate cancer, analyzes its potential mechanisms and future directions, and provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients.
